Larry Crum



Title Principal Physicist and Research Professor, Electrical Engineering and Bioengineering
Department Center for Industrial & Medical Ultrasound (CIMU)


Education B.S. Mathematics 1963, Ohio University
M.S. Physics 1965, Ohio University
Ph.D. Physics 1967, Ohio University
Email lac@apl.washington.edu
Phone 206-685-8622

Physical Acoustics, Therapeutic Ultrasound, Image-guided Therapy

Dr. Lawrence A. Crum is currently Principal Physicist and Founder/Former Director of the Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound in the Applied Physics Laboratory, and Research Professor of Bioengineering and Electrical Engineering at the University of Washington. He also works part-time as President of UltraSound Technologies, Inc., a company he founded in 2001. He has held previous positions at Harvard University, the U. S. Naval Academy and the University of Mississippi, where he was F. A. P. Barnard Distinguished Professor of Physics and Director of the National Center for Physical Acoustics.

He has published over 300 articles in professional journals, holds an honorary doctorate from the Universite Libre de Bruxelles, and was recently awarded the Helmholtz-Rayleigh Silver Medal of the Acoustical Society of America. He is Past President of the Acoustical Society of America and of the Board of the International Commission for Acoustics. His principal areas of interest are therapeutic ultrasound, physical acoustics, and image-guided therapy.



Selected Publications
(from over 300)

1993–1999

Matthews JC, Harder WL, Richardson WK, Fisher RJ, Al-Karmi AM, Crum LA, and Dinno MA, Inactivation of firefly luciferase and rat erythrocyte ATPase by ultrasound, Membrane Biochemistry, 10, 213-220 (1993).

Kolaini AR, Crum LA, and Roy RA, Bubble production by capillary-gravity waves, J Acoust Soc Am, 95, 1913-1921 (1994).

Roy RA, Ahmad M, and Crum LA, Physical mechanisms governing the hydrodynamic response of an oscillating ultrasonic file, International Endodontic Journal, 27, 197-207 (1994).

Crum LA, Bubbles hotter than the sun, New Scientist, 146, 36-41 (1995).

Hwang PA, Roy RA, and Crum LA, Artificial bubble cloud targets for underwater acoustic remote sensing, J Atmos Ocean Tech, 12, 1287-1302 (1995).

Mao Y, Crum LA, and Roy RA, Nonlinear coupling between the surface and volume modes of an oscillating bubble, J Acoust Soc Am, 98, 2764-2771 (1995).

Crum LA, and Mao Y, Acoustically enhanced bubble growth at low frequencies and its implications for human diver and marine mammal safety, J Acoust Soc Am 99, 2898-2907 (1996).

Cleveland RO, McAteer JA, Andreoli SP, and Crum LA, The effect of polypropylene vials on lithotripter shock waves, Ultrasound Med Biol, 23, 939-952 (1997).

Matula TJ, Cordry SM, Roy RA, and Crum LA, Shocking Revelations, Science, 276, 1348-1349 (1997).

Vaezy S, Martin R, Schmiedl U, Caps M, Taylor S, Beach K, Carter S, Kaczkowski P, Keilman G, Helton S, Chandler W, Mourad P, Rice M, Roy R, and Crum L, Liver hemostasis using high intensity focused ultrasound, Ultrasound Med Biol, 23, 1413-1420 (1997).

Ashokkumar M, Grieser F, McNamara W III, Suslick K, Matula T, Frensley C, and Crum LA, The effects of organic compound doping in single bubble sonoluminescence, Proceedings of the joint meeting of the 16th International Congress on Acoustics and the 135th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, (P. K. Kuhl and L. A. Crum, eds.), 3, 1543-1544 (1998).

Bailey M, Cleveland R, Blackstock D, and Crum L, Use of two pulses to control cavitation in lithotripsy, Proceedings of the joint meeting of the 16th International Congress on Acoustics and the 135th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, (P. K. Kuhl and L. A. Crum, eds.), 4, 2807-2808 (1998).

Bailey MR, Blackstock DT, Cleveland RO, and Crum LA, Comparison of lithotripters with rigid and pressure-release ellipsoidal reflectors. I. Acoustic fields, J Acoust Soc Am, 104, 2517-2524 (1998).

Bloch S, Bailey M, Crum L, Kaczkowski P, Mourad P, and Keilman G, Measurements of sound speed in excised tissue over temperatures expected under high intensity focused ultrasound conditions, Proceedings of the joint meeting of the 16th ICA and the 135th Meeting of the ASA, (P. K. Kuhl and L. A. Crum, eds.), 2, 1065-1066 (1998).

Chang P, Makin I, and Crum L, Acoustic and system parameters affecting destruction of ultrasound contrast agents, Proceedings of the joint meeting of the 16th International Congress on Acoustics and the 135th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, (P. K. Kuhl and L. A. Crum, eds.), 3, 2191-2192 (1998).

Chang P, Chen W, Mourad P, Poliachik S, and Crum LA, Ultrasound contrast agents: Present but not seen, IEEE Symp Proceedings, 2, 1795-1798 (1998).

Cleveland RO, Lifshitz DA, Connors BA, Evan AP, Willis LA, and Crum LA, In vivo pressure measurements of lithotripsy shock waves in pigs, Ultrasound Med Biol, 24, 293-306 (1998).

Crum L, Bailey M, Kaczkowski P, Makin I, Mourad P, Beach K, Carter S, Schmiedl U, Chandler W, Martin R, Vaezy S, Keilman G, Cleveland R, and Roy R, Therapeutic ultrasound: A promising future in clinical medicine, Proceedings of the joint meeting of the 16th International Congress on Acoustics and the 135th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, (P. Kuhl and L. Crum, eds.), 1, 719-720 (1998).

Crum LA, Acoustically induced cavitation fusion, Proceedings of the joint meeting of the 16th International Congress on Acoustics and the 135th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, (P. K. Kuhl and L. A. Crum, eds.), 4, 2275-2276 (1998).

The Sound of the Future: A Global View of Acoustics in the 21st Century, (Proceedings of the 16th International Congress on Acoustics and the 135th meeting of the Acoustical Society of America), P. K. Kuhl and L. A. Crum, eds., (American Institute of Physics: New York), 1998, 3042.

Curra F, Mourad P, and Crum LA, High intensity focused ultrasound and tissue heating: the effect of nonlinear sound propagation and vessel presence, Proc of IEEE-Ultrasonics Symp, 2, 1419-1422, (1998).

Curra FP, Mourad PD, Cleveland R, Khokhlova V, and Crum LA, Numerical simulations of tissue heating created by high intensity focused ultrasound, Proceedings of the joint meeting of the 16th ICA and the 135th Meeting of the ASA, (P. K. Kuhl and L. A. Crum, eds.), 2, 1059-1060 (1998).

Evan A, Willis L, Conners B, McAteer J, Lingeman J, Cleveland R, Bailey M, and Crum LA, Separation of cavitation and renal injury induced by shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) from SWL-induced impairment of renal hemodynamics, Proceedings of the joint meeting of the 16th International Congress on Acoustics and the 135th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, (P. K. Kuhl and L. A. Crum, eds.), 4, 2487-2488 (1998).

Hargreaves K, Matula T, Crum L, and Moss W, Radial response of single bubble sonoluminescence to novel excitations, Proceedings of the joint meeting of the 16th International Congress on Acoustics and the 135th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, (P. K. Kuhl and L. A. Crum, eds.), 4, 2583-2584 (1998).

Hwang JJ, Quistgaard J, Souquet J, and Crum LA, Portable ultrasound device for battlefield trauma, IEEE Sym. Proceedings, 2, 1663-1666 (1998).

Matula TJ, Hallaj I, Cleveland R, Moss WC, Roy RA and Crum LA, Acoustic emissions from single bubble sonoluminescence, J Acoust Soc Am, 103, 1377-1382 (1998).

Matula TJ and Crum LA, Evidence for gas exchange in single bubble sonoluminescence, Phys Rev Lett, 80, 865-868 (1998).

Poliachik SL, Mourad PD, Chandler W, and Crum LA, Effect of high intensity focused ultrasound on whole blood with and without contrast agents, Proc of IEEE-Ultrasonics Symp, 2, 24-29, (1998).

Vaezy S, Martin R, Yaziji H, Kaczkowski P, Keilman G, Carter S, Caps M, Chi E, Bailey M, and Crum LA, Hemostasis of punctured blood vessels using high intensity focused ultrasound, Ultrasound Med Biol, 24, 903-910 (1998).

Bailey MR, Blackstock DT, Cleveland RO, and Crum LA, Comparison of electrohydraulic lithotripters with rigid pressure-release ellipsoidal reflectors: II. Cavitation fields, J Acoust Soc Am, 106, 1149-1160 (1999).

Crum LS, Roy R, Pumphrey H, and Prosperetti A, The Underwater Sounds Produced by Impacting Snowflakes, J Acoust Soc Am, 106 (4), 1765-1770 (1999).

Sonochemistry and Sonoluminescence, L. Crum, T. Mason, J. Reisse, and K. Suslick, eds., NATO ASI Series, Vol. 524 (Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht), 1999.

Vaezy S, Martin R, Mourad P, and Crum LA, Hemostasis using high intensity focused ultrasound, European J Ultrasound, 9, 79-87 (1999).

2000

Ashokkumar M, Crum LA, Frensley CA, Grieser F, Matula TJ, McNamara WB, Suslick KS, Effect of solutes on single-bubble sonoluminescence in water, J Phys Chem, 104, 8462-8465 (2000).

Cleveland RO, Sapozhnikov OA, Bailey MA, and Crum LA, A dual passive cavitation detector for localized detection of lithotripsy-induced cavitation in vitro, J Acoust Soc Am, 107 (3), 1745-1758 (2000).

Crum LA, Beach K, Carter S, Chandler W, Curra F, Kaczkowski P, Keilman G, Khokhlova V, Martin R, Mourad P, and Vaezy S, Acoustic Hemostasis, In: W. Lauterborn and T. Kurz (eds.), "Nonlinear Acoustics at the Turn of the Millennium," Am Inst of Physics, ISNA 15, (New York), 13-22 (2000).

Curra FP, Mourad PD, Khokhlova VA, and Crum LA, Numerical simulations of heating patterns and tissue temperature response due to high intensity focused ultrasound, IEEE UFFC, 47 (4), 1077-1089 (2000).

Curra FP, Mourad PD, Kargl SG, and Crum LA, Theorectical predictions of ultrasound fields, temperature response, and lesion dynamics in biological tissue for the purpose of noninvasive disease treatment, J Acoust Soc Am, 108 (5), Pt. 2, 2546 (2000).

Kwok CS, Mourad P, Crum LA, and Ratner BD, Surface modification of polymers with self-assembled monolayers; Multi-technique surface characterization, Biomacromolecules, 1 (1), 139-148 (2000).

2001

Bailey MR, Couret LN, Sapozhnikov OA, Khokhlova VA, ter Haar G, Vaezy S, Shi X, Martin R, and Crum LA, Use of overpressure to assess the role of bubbles in focused ultrasound lesion shape in vitro, Ultrasound Med Biol, 27 (5), 695 -708 (2001).

Bailey MR, Crum LA, Miller N, Couret LN, Sapozhnikov OA, Pishchalnikov YA, McAteer JA, Connors BA, Evan AP, Localized detection of cavitationin in vivo, J Acoust Soc Am, 109 (5), Pt. 2, 2481 (2001).

Bailey MR, Couret LN, Sapozhnikov OA, Khokhlova VA, ter Haar G, Vaezy S, Shi X, Martin R, and Crum LA, "\Overpressure and the role of bubbles in focused ultrasound lesion shape, Proceedings of the First International Workshop on the Application of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) in Medicine (Chongqing, China, May 10-12, 2001), p. 22.

Brentnall MD, Martin RW, Vaezy S, Kaczkowski P, Forster F, Crum L, A new high intensity focused ultrasound applicator for surgical applications, IEEE Trans Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, & Frequency Control, 48 (1), 53-63 (2001).

Chang, PP, Chen W-S, Mourad PD, Poliachik SL, and Crum LA, Thresholds for inertial cavitation in Albunex suspensions under pulsed ultrasound conditions, IEEE Trans on UFFC, 48 (1), 161-170 (2001).

Chen W-S, Matula TJ, and Crum LA, A light-scattering technique for investigating the destruction of ultrasound contrast agents, 2001 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2, 1683-1686, (2001).

Curra FP, Kargl SG, Lafon C, and Crum LA, Thermal lesions produced by High Intensity Focused Ultrasound: Theoretical predictions and experimental results, Proc. of First International Workshop on the Application of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) in Medicine, Chongqing, China, 29-31 (2001).

Curra FP, Kargl SG, Lafon C, and Crum LA, High-intensity focused ultrasound for noninvasive disease treatment: Theoretical predictions and experimental results, J Acoust Soc Am, 109 (5), 2457 (2001).

Curra FP, Kargl SG, Lafon C, and Crum LA, Theoretical predictions and experimental results for non-invasive disease treatment via high intensity focused ultrasound: a comparative study, 17th International Congress on Acoustics, Biomedicine: Therapeutic Ultrasound, 4, 20-21 (2001).

2002

Bailey MR, Crum LA, Miller N, Couret LN, Sapozhnikov OA, Pishchalnikov YA, McAteer JA, Connors BA, Evan AP, Localized cavitation detection in lithotripsy in vivo, Proc. 17th Inter. Congress on Acoustics, Rome, Italy; Rome University "La Sapienza", 7, 178-179 (2002).

Chen W-S, Matula TJ, and Crum LA, The disappearance of ultrasound contrast bubbles: Observations of bubble dissolution and cavitation nucleation, Ultrasound Med Biol, 28 (6), 793-803 (2002).

Crum LA, Bailey M, Carter S, Curra F, Kaczkowski P, Kargl S, Image-guided acoustic hemostasis, In: "New Acoustics: Selected Topics," C. Ranz-Guerra and J. A. Gallego-Juarez, eds., (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid), pp 26-36 (2002).

Curra FP, Kargl SG and Crum LA, Full Wave Ultrasonic Field and Temperature Simulations in Inhomogeneous Biological Tissues, in Nonlinear Acoustics at the Beginning of the 21st Century, Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics, O.V. Rudenko and O.A. Sapozhnikov, eds (Moscow, Russia), 19-23 (2002).

Evan AP, Willis LR, McAteer JA, Bailey MR, Conners BA, Shao Y, Lingeman JE, Williams JC, Fineberg NS, and Crum LA, Kidney damage and renal functional changes are minimized by waveform control that suppresses cavitation in shock wave lithotripsy, J Urology, 168, 1556-1562 (2002).

Ferrell GW, and Crum LA, A novel cavitation probe design and some preliminary measurements of its application to megasonic cleaning, J Acoust Soc Am, 112 (3), 1196-1201 (2002).

Sapozhnikov OA, Khokhlova VA, Bailey M, McAteer JA, Cleveland RO, and Crum LA, Effect of overpressure and pulse repetition frequency on cavitation in shock wave lithotripsy, J Acoust Soc Am, 112, 1183-1195 (2002).

2003

Anand AJ, Kaczkowski PJ, Daigle RE, Huang L, Paun M, Beach KW, and Crum LA, Using the ATL HDI-1000 ultrasound scanner to collect demodulated RF data for monitoring HIFU lesion formation, Proc SPIE, 5035, 316-326 (2003).

Bailey MR, Khokhlova VA, Sapozhnikov OA, Kargl SG, and Crum LA, Physical mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of ultrasound (A Review), Acoustical Physics, 49, 368-388 (2003) (translation from Russian).

Chan AH, Vaezy S, and Crum LA, High Intensity Focused Ultrasound, McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 173-175 (2003).

Chen W-S, Lafon C, Matula TJ, Vaezy S, and Crum LA, Mechanisms of lesion formation in high intensity focused ultrasound therapy, ARLO, 4 (2), 41-46 (2003).

Chen W-S, Matula TJ, Brayman AA, and Crum LA, Comparison of the fragmentation thresholds and inertial cavitation dose of different ultrasound contrast agents, J Acoust Soc Am, 113, 643-651 (2003).

Chen W-S, Brayman AA, Matula TJ, Crum LA, Inertial cavitation dose and hemolysis produced in vitro with or without Optison, Ultrasound Med Biol, 29 (5), 725-738 (2003).

Chen W-S, Brayman AA, Matula TJ, Crum LA, and Miller MW, The pulse length dependence of inertial cavitation dose and hemolysis, Ultrasound Med Biol, 29 (5), 739-748 (2003).

Crum LA, Sonoluminescence and acoustic inertial confinement fusion, 5th Intl Symp on Cavitation, 1-3 (2003).

Curra FP and Crum LA, Therapeutic ultrasound: Surgery and drug delivery, Acoustical Science and Technology, 24 (6), 343-348 (2003).

Andrew M, Kaczkowski P, Brayman A, Cunitz B, Anand A, Lafon C, and Crum L, Experimental apparatus and methods for in vitro HIFU dose response studies, in Therapeutic Ultrasound, Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium, M.A. Andrew, L.A. Crum and S. Vaezy, eds (American Institute of Physics Press), 330-340 (2003).

Chen W-S, Lafon C, Matula TJ, Vaezy S, Brayman AA, and Crum LA, "Mechanisms of lesion formation in HIFU therapy," in Therapeutic Ultrasound, Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium, MA Andrew, LA Crum and S. Vaezy, eds (American Institute of Physics Press), 400-409 (2003).

Curra FP, Kargl SG, and Crum LA, Parameter space investigation of optimal thermal lesion generation in noninvasive HIFU applications, in Therapeutic Ultrasound, Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium, M.A. Andrew, L.A. Crum and S. Vaezy, eds (American Institute of Physics Press), 275-281 (2003).

Hwang JH, Brayman AA, and Vaezy S, "Pulsed high-intensity focused ultrasound-induced endothelial cell injury in vessels infused with ultrasound contrast agent," in Therapeutic Ultrasound, Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium, MA Andrew, LA Crum and S. Vaezy, eds (American Institute of Physics Press), 63-70 (2003).

Miao CH, Brayman AA, Ye P, Mourad P, and Crum LA, "Enhancement of gene delivery of naked human factor IX plasmid into mouse livers by ultrasound exposure", in Therapeutic Ultrasound, Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium, MA Andrew, LA Crum and S. Vaezy, eds (American Institute of Physics Press), 71-75 (2003).

Hwang JH, Vaezy S, Martin RW, Cho MY, Noble ML, Crum LA, and Kimmey MB, High-intensity focused ultrasound: A potential new treatment for gastrointestinal bleeding, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 58, 111-115 (2003).

Crum LA, "Reducing Confusion about Fusion," Echoes, 13, 8-9 (2003).

Pishchalnikov YA, Sapozhnikov OA, Williams JC, Evan AP, McAteer JA, Cleveland RO, Colonius T, Bailey MR, and Crum L.A, Cavitation bubble cluster activity in the breakage of kidney stones by lithotripter shock waves, J Endourology, 17 (7), 435-446 (2003).

Crum LA, Bailey MR, Owen NR, Reed J, Kaczkowski PJ, Vaezy S, and Carter SJ, "Image-guided high intensity focused ultrasound for mission-critical care," in Proc Bioastronautics Investigators' Workshop (Galveston, Texas, USA, 2003).

Martin RW, Vaezy S, Proctor A, Myntti T, Lee JBJ, and Crum LA, "Water-cooled, high-intensity ultrasound surgical applicators with frequency tracking," IEEE Trans Ultrason, Ferroelec & Freq Control, 50 (10), 1305-1317 (2003).

2004

Poliachik SL, Chandler WL, Ollos RJ, Bailey MR, and Crum LA, "The relation between cavitation and platelet aggregation during exposure to high-intensity focused ultrasound," Ultrasound Med Biol, 30 (2), 261-269 (2004).

Ponomaryov AE, Khokhlova VA, Averkiou MA, and Crum LA, "Nonlinear propagation of short ultrasound pulses generated by rectangular diagnostic transducers," Therapeutic Ultrasound, (INSERM: Lyon), J. Y Chapelon and C. Lafon, eds, 309-315 (2004).

Crum LA, Bailey MR, Carter SJ, Kaczkowski P, Owen N, Vaezy S, Khokhlova V, Sapozhnikov O, and Matsumoto Y, "Image-guided high intensity focused ultrasound for mission critical care," Proc 55th Intl Astronautical Congress, Vancouver, Canada, October, 2004.

Crum LA, Andrew M, Carter S, Curra F, Kargl S, Brayman A, Vaezy S, Bass H, Barber F, Church C, and Davis S, "Acoustic hemostasis and hemorrhage control in combat casualty care," Proc 24 th Annual Army Science Conf, Orlando, FL (December, 2004).

Evan AP, McAteer JA, Williams JC, Willi LR, Bailey MR, Crum LA, Lingeman JE, and Cleveland RO, "Shock Wave Physics of Lithotripsy: Mechanisms of shock wave action and progress toward improved SWL," In: Textbook of Minimally Invasive Urology, R. Moore, J.T. Bishoff, S. Loening and S.G. Docimo Eds, Martin Dunitz Limited, London, Chapter 28, 425-438 (2004).

Khokhlova VA, Bailey MR, Reed JA, Cunitz BW, Kaczkowski PJ, and Crum LA, "The relative roles of nonlinear ultrasound propagation and bubble dynamics in enhancement of HIFU therapy," J Acoust Soc Am, Submitted (12/04).

2005

Sapozhnikov OA, Bailey MR, Maxwell AD, MacConaghy B, Cleveland RO, and Crum LA, "Assessing the mechanism for kidney stone comminution by a lithotripter shock pulse," G. ter Haar and I. Rivens, eds., in Therapeutic Ultrasound, AIP Press (Melville, New York), pp. 164-166 (2005).

Khokhlova VA, Bailey MR, Reed J, Kaczkowski PA, and Crum LA, " The relative effects of cavitation and nonlinear ultrasound propagation on the dynamics of thermal lesion development in a tissue phantom," Frontiers of Nonlinear Physics, Proc 2nd International Conf, 679-684 (2005).

Khokhlova VA, Bailey MR, and Crum LA, "Acoustic nonlinearity in the derating problems for HIFU sources," G. ter Haar and I. Rivens, eds., in Therapeutic Ultrasound, AIP Press (Melville, New York), 134-136 (2005).

Kargl SG, Andrew MA, Kaczkowski PJ, Brayman AA, and Crum LA, "Design and evaluation of complex moving HIFU treatment protocols," G. ter Haar and I. Rivens, eds., in Therapeutic Ultrasound, AIP Press (Melville, New York), 140-142 (2005).

Cox TM, Ragen TJ, Read AJ, Vos E, Baird RW, Balcom K, Barlow J, Caldwell J, Cranford T, Crum L, D'Amico A, D'Spain G, Fernández A, Finneran J, Gentry R, Gerth W, Gulland F, Hildebrand J, Houser D, Hullar T, Jepson PD, Ketten D, MacLeod CD, Miller P, Moore S, Mountain D, Palka D, Ponganis P, Rommel S, Rowles T, Taylor B, Tyack P, Wartzok D, Gisiner R, Mead J, Benner L, "Understanding the Impacts of Anthropogenic Sound on Beaked Whales," J Cetacean Research & Mgmt (in press, June, 2005).

Crum LA, Bailey, MR, Cleveland RO, Sapozhnikov OA, and Khokhlova VA, "Nonlinear phenomena in modern applications of ultrasound and shock waves in medicine," in Frontiers of Nonlinear Acoutics, Proc 2nd International Conference, 663-673 (2005).

Zderic V, Keshavarzi A, Noble ML, Paun M, Sharar SR, Crum LA, Martin RW, and Vaezy S, "Hemorrhage Control in Arteries using High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound: A Survival Study," Ultrasonics, 44, 46-53 (2006).

Khokhlova VA, Ponomarev AE, Averkiou MA, and Crum LA, "Nonlinear pulsed ultrasound beams radiated by rectangular focused diagnostic transducers," Acoustical Physics (submitted, July 2005).

2006

Tu J, Matula TJ, Brayman AA, Crum LA. Inertial cavitation dose produced in ex vivo rabbit ear arteries with Optison by 1 MHz pulsed ultrasound. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, 32 (2), 281-288 (2006).

Khokhlova VA , Bailey MR, Reed JR, Cunitz BA, Kaczkowski PJ, Crum LA. Effects of nonlinear propagation, cavitation, and boiling in lesion formation by high intensity focused ultrasound in a gel phantom, J Acoust Soc Am, 119 (3), 1834-1848 (2006).

Pishchalnikov YA, Sapozhnikov OA, Bailey MR, McAteer JA, Williams Jr. JC, Evan AP, Cleveland RO, and Crum LA, "Interactions of cavitation bubbles observed by high-speed imaging in shock wave lithotripsy," Proc 17th ISNA, 299-302 (2005).

"Non-Contact Transportation in Water using Ultrasonic Traveling Vibration", Shinfuku Nomura, Thomas J. Matula, Jun Satonobu, and Lawrence A. Crum, J. Acoust. Soc. Amer Vol. 121, (3), pp. 1332-1336, 2007.

"Using the ATL HDI 1000 to collect demodulated RF data for monitoring HIFU lesion formation," A. Anand, P. J. Kaczkowski, R. E. Daigle, L. Huang, M. Paun, K. W. Beach, and L. A. Crum, J Medical Imaging 2003: Ultrasonic Imaging and Signal Processing, V 5035(1) pp. 316-326.

"Acoustic Cavitation and Medical Ultrasound", Wayne Kreider, Lawrence Crum, Michael Bailey, Thomas Matula, Vera Khokhlova, and Oleg Sapozhnikov. Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Cavitation CAV2006, Wageningen, The Netherlands, September 2006

"Nonlinear mechanisms of lesion formation by High Intensity Focused Ultrasound", Vera A. Khokhlova, Michael R. Bailey, Justin Reed, Michael S. Canney, Peter J. Kaczkowski, and Lawrence A. Crum, in Therapeutic Ultrasound, G. T. Clemet, N. J. McDannold and K. Hynynen, eds., AIP Press (Melville, New York), pp. 107-111 (2006).

"Nonlinear mechanisms of lesion formation by High Intensity Focused Ultrasound", Vera A. Khokhlova, Michael R. Bailey, Justin Reed, Michael S. Canney, Peter J. Kaczkowski, and Lawrence A. Crum, in Therapeutic Ultrasound, G. T. Clement, N. J. McDannold and K. Hynynen, eds., AIP Press (Melville, New York), pp. 107-111 (2006).

"Contrast-Enhanced Bleeding Detection of Punctured Femoral Artery", Wenbo Luo, Vesna Zderic, Steven Carter, Lawrence A. Crum, and Shahram Vaezy, "Contrast-Enhanced Bleeding Detection of Punctured Femoral Artery". J Ultrasound Med, 2006;25:1169-1177.

"Characterization of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Fields with a High Spatio-Temporal Resolution", Michael S. Canney, Vera A. Khokhlova, Michael R. Bailey, Oleg A. Sapozhnikov and Lawrence A. Crum, Proceedings of the 2006 International Ultrasonics Symposium (Vancouver, BC), October, 2006.

"Advantage of a Broad Focal Zone in SWL: Synergism Between Squeezing and Shear", Oleg A. Sapozhnikov, Michael R. Bailey, Adam D. Maxwell, Brian MacConaghy, Robin O. Cleveland, James A. McAteer, and Lawrence A. Crum, Proceedings of the 2006 International Urolithiasis Research Symposium (Indianapolis), November, 2006.

"Interactions of cavitation bubbles observed by high-speed imaging in shock wave lithotripsy", Yura A. Pishchalnikov, Oleg A. Sapozhnikov, Michael R. Bailey, James A. McAteer, James C. Williams Jr., Andy P. Evan, Robin O. Cleveland, and Lawrence A. Crum, in A. A. Atchley, V. W. Sparrow, and R. M. Keolian. (eds.), Melville, NY: American Institute of Physics, 2006, pp. 299-302: Innovations in Nonlinear Acoustics: Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics.

"Role of shear and longitudinal waves in stone comminution by lithotripter shock waves", Michael R. Bailey, Adam D. Maxwell, Brian MacConaghy, Oleg A. Sapozhnikov, and Lawrence A. Crum, in A. A. Atchley, V. W. Sparrow, and R. M. Keolian. (eds.), Melville, NY: American Institute of Physics, 2006, pp. 323-326: Innovations in Nonlinear Acoustics: Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics.

"Modeling of Bubble Oscillations Induced by a Lithotripter Pulse", Wayne W. Kreider, Michael R. Bailey, and Lawrence A. Crum, in A. A. Atchley, V. W. Sparrow, and R. M. Keolian. (eds.), Melville, NY: American Institute of Physics, 2006, pp. 315-318: Innovations in Nonlinear Acoustics: Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics.

2007

"The use of resonant scattering to identify stone fracture in shock wave lithotripsy", Neal R. Owen, Michael R. Bailey, Lawrence A. Crum, Oleg A. Sapozhnikov, Leo Trusov, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 121: EL41-EL47., 01/2007.

"Identification of Kidney Stone Fragmentation in Shock Wave Lithotripsy by Frequency Analysis of Shock Wave Scattering", Neil R. Owen, Michael R. Bailey, Oleg A. Sapozhnikov, Cyril Lafon, and Lawrence A. Crum, IEEE Transaction on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectricity, and Frequency Control, Vol. 1 (1), 1-13 (2007).


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